6.5 More recently, there has been the proliferation of many exciting and popular employee development programmes. These include those first begun, and now well-known, at Fords, Rover and Unipart. They also embrace the development of innovative trade union schemes for learning, such as 'return to learn' in UNISON and the implementation of a dedicated MBA for senior engineers and scientists, sponsored by the Engineers and Managers' Association, the IPMS, the STE and the Open University. In industry there has been the most recent evolution of the National Training Organisations' National Council out of NCITO, owned and led by employers, and the TUC and TEC National Council have promoted the successful Bargaining for Skills project. Industry continues to invest a substantial amount in work-based training and the CBI reported in September 1997, that 59% of employers expect an increase in their training expenditure, with a growing trend to on-the-job training, and only 5% predict a reduction.

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